LONDON - The body that runs English rugby union outlined plans on Wednesday to limit the height and weight of transgender players in the women's game, amid a global furore over fair play in competitive sport.
Trans women who are taller than 170cm, weigh more than 90kg, or both, may have to undergo an assessment to decide if they pose a safety risk to other women players or have a "material performance advantage", according to the draft policy.
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The Rugby Football Union (RFU) proposal comes nearly six months after World Rugby, the global governing body, banned trans women from elite and international women's games, saying the advantages gained during male puberty carried safety risks.
"We want to strike a balance between inclusion, fairness and safe participation," a spokeswomen for the RFU, which like other national rugby bodies was not obliged to use World Rugby rules, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation in an emailed statement.
"At the heart of our game is inclusion. It is important to consider the individuals involved and the sense of community and acceptance that our transgender players tell us rugby provides."
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Olympic guidelines in place since 2015 say trans women can compete if they keep their testosterone levels below 10 nanomoles per litre for at least 12 months. Many sports bodies, including the RFU, now use a level of 5 nmol/L.
Women usually have testosterone below 3nmol/L, against 10 to 30 nmol/L for men. However, 2.5% of women have hyperandrogenism, so have naturally higher levels of testosterone.
Other countries take varied approaches, reflecting the myriad views on trans participation in professional sport.
USA Rugby follows Olympic guidelines, Rugby Canada allows trans women to compete restriction-free and Rugby Australia requires a medical specialist to certify an athlete's safety.
Opponents of trans women competing in women's sport argue that their greater athletic abilities are not sufficiently mitigated by cross-sex hormones that lower testosterone.
The muscular advantage enjoyed by trans women falls by about 5% after a year of testosterone-suppressing treatment, according to a 2020 review of existing studies by the University of Manchester and Sweden's Karolinska Institute.
The RFU proposal divided opinion.
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Allowing competitors who are well above the average woman's size would be unfair to fellow players, said Tommy Lundberg of the Karolinska Institute.
"It would be not only to the detriment of women but also to the detriment of trans women who would not pass the test," Lundberg said.
Verity Smith, a rugby player and sport youth worker at trans youth charity Mermaids, disagreed with the RFU proposal as he said it would exclude some trans women and subject them to standards that are not applied to other players.
"This seems discriminatory," he said in emailed comments, adding that before he transitioned he had played against non-trans women who were taller than 180cm and weighed over 127kg.
In the last three years, seven trans women applied to play in the women's game, four trans men applied to stay in the women's game and 39 trans men applied to play men's rugby, according to the RFU.
The RFU is consulting on its proposal until April 16th.
Reuters