Men's mental health awareness month: Addressing the silent crisis in South Africa

As South Africa and the global community mark Men's Mental Health Awareness Month, the spotlight turns to a disturbing reality: men are overwhelmingly represented in the country’s suicide statistics, yet the conversation around their mental health is quiet.

According to alarming statistics, South Africa ranks 10th on the list of countries with the most suicides, with international figures reporting in 2022 that 13,774 suicides were reported, 10,861 of them men. This means that men account for nearly 80% of all recorded suicides in the country.

This staggering figure raises questions about the societal, psychological, and systemic factors driving so many men to the edge.

While the topic of mental health and mental health awareness is something often talked about, the conversation around men's mental health is muted.

In many communities, expectations require men to be stoic and strong providers, while discouraging any type of emotional expression and help-seeking. Risk factors for suicide may include unemployment and occupational issues, divorce and adverse childhood experiences.  

To make matters worse, mental health services in South Africa are underfunded and often inaccessible, especially for those in lower-income communities. 

Statistics from the World Health Organization reveal that Africa has the highest suicide rate worldwide. It added that this is driven by a combination of factors, including poverty, unemployment, and untreated mental health issues.

Symptoms of depression in men

Men often show symptoms of depression differently from women. Being aware of these warning signs can help save lives.

1. Physical Symptoms:

• Chest tightness

• Digestive problems like gas, diarrhoea, and constipation

• Erectile dysfunction and other sexual problems

• Headaches

• Hormonal issues like low testosterone

• Pain

• Racing heart or heart palpitations

• Unintended weight loss (and sometimes weight gain)

2. Mental Symptoms:

• Inability to concentrate

• Memory problems

• Obsessive-compulsive thought patterns

• Racing thoughts

• Sleep issues (especially trouble falling or staying asleep)

• Suicidal thoughts

3. Emotional Symptoms:

• Agitation

• Aggression

• Anger

• Emotional withdrawal from friends, family, and colleagues

• Hopelessness

• Lack of interest in family, community, hobbies, and work

• Lack of libido

• Restlessness

4. Behavioural Symptoms:

• Difficulty meeting work, family, and other personal responsibilities

• Drug misuse

• Drinking alcohol in excess

• Engaging in risky activities (e.g., reckless driving, unprotected sex)

• Social isolation

• Suicide attempts

What to do if you have suicidal thoughts

South African Society of Psychiatrists has listed the following if you are struggling with suicidal thoughts. 

• Talk to someone you trust—a friend, family member, GP, psychologist, or spiritual advisor.

• Remember: thinking of suicide is not a sin or a sign of weakness. It means life has become overwhelming, but there is always hope.

• Maintain a routine: Try to establish a daily schedule and take each day as it comes.

• Take part in fun activities: Even small pleasures can make a difference. Don't feel guilty about enjoying yourself.

• Think about therapy: Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) have proven effective.

• Medications: In some cases, medication may be recommended and can help ease suicidal ideation.

Where to Get Help

• SADAG Suicide Helpline (24/7): 0800 567 567

• SADAG SMS Line: SMS 32312 and a counsellor will call you back

• Lifeline South Africa (24/7): 0861 322 322

IOL