Erin Frost's groundbreaking research on South Africa's indigenous horse breeds

In a ground-breaking study that shines a light on South Africa's rich equine heritage, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) graduate Ms Erin Frost has successfully earned her MSc degree in Genetics. Her pioneering research, supervised by Dr Edgar Farai Dzomba, showcases the genetic diversity of the country’s indigenous and rural horse breeds, an often-overlooked yet vital aspect of South Africa's biodiversity.

Academic journey

Frost's academic journey has been integrally linked to UKZN, where her passion for learning blossomed from her undergraduate studies through to her Master’s programme. “From Bachelor’s and Honours to Master’s studies, I have had the privilege of being taught by passionate and inspiring lecturers who have always advocated for the advancement of knowledge and specialisation within postgraduate research work. How could I not choose UKZN?” she remarked, reflecting on her educational experience.

Research significance

Her research has profound implications, focusing on the genetic and functional diversity of rural and indigenous horse breed populations. It aims to generate crucial data to combat threats like extinction, uncontrolled crossbreeding, and the replacement of these breeds by exotic ones. “South Africa is home to a diverse array of indigenous and rural horse breeds, which play critical roles in both commercial breeding systems and smallholder farming communities,” Frost explained.

Historical context

The history of these horse populations is rich, dating back to the introduction of Javanese war-horses by Dutch settlers, which gave rise to the Cape Horse through a series of crossbreeding events. Frost firmly believes that understanding this historical context is essential. “The development of modern South African horse populations reflects a legacy of human management, natural selection, and adaptability,” she said.

Cultural significance

Despite their cultural significance, genomic studies of local breeds like the Basotho pony remain under-researched. Frost's work bridges this gap, providing valuable insights that highlight the multifunctional roles these horses play in contemporary society. “Their resilience and versatility secure their significance not only within South African history but also in contemporary society,” she noted.

Personal passion

Frost's lifelong passion for horses has driven her academic pursuit. Growing up around these magnificent animals developed her affinity for them. “I have been fortunate enough to grow up surrounded by horses, which has developed my affinity and passion towards their existence,” she shared. Her focus on equine genetics crystallised during her Honours year, when she presented on identifying potential genetic issues in larger draft horse breeds, influenced by her personal experiences with her own horse.

Future aspirations

Encouraged by her supervisor, Dr Dzomba, to delve into South Africa's indigenous horse breeds, Frost embarked on her innovative research project, which has gained increasing importance as economic, socio-economic, and cultural aspects of these breeds come to light. “The value of my research is that it demonstrates not only the economic and cultural importance of indigenous and rural horse breeds but also reveals the distinctive genetic architecture of these populations that thrive under harsh environmental conditions,” she stated.

Looking ahead, Frost plans to transition her research focus from land to sea, with hopes of exploring marine genetics. She believes this emerging field can provide critical insights to bolster conservation efforts for marine biodiversity, which is under threat. “As a relatively new discipline, marine genetics holds immense potential to deliver groundbreaking insights that can strengthen conservation strategies,” she said.

Acknowledgements

In her gratitude, Frost acknowledged the unwavering support from her family, teachers, and mentors. “I owe most of my achievements to my parents, Bridget and Warren Frost, who have undoubtedly provided me with so much support in achieving my dreams,” she said. She encouraged aspiring researchers to cultivate perseverance, particularly in the face of South Africa's economic challenges.

Personal interests

Away from her academic pursuits, Frost enjoys spending time outdoors, volunteering at the Kloof and Highway Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and relaxing with her family and friends. As she forges ahead into her next chapter, she remains dedicated to amplifying the importance of both land and marine biodiversity.